The unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is the foremost international treaty concerning submerged heritage adopted by the unesco general conference in 2001. Underwater cultural heritage consultancy extended and. However, under the 1972 world heritage convention, it includes natural and cultural resources and sites which are so special that there is interest in preserving them for future generations. The 1954 hague convention and its two 1954 and 1999 protocols duration. Underwater cultural heritage shall not be traded, sold, bought or bartered as commercial goods. The protection of turkeys underwater archaeological. Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. International protection of underwater cultural heritage. The protection of underwater cultural heritage program e. The underwater cultural heritage is a field in which there has been growing international interest. The protection of the underwater cultural heritage national. Tanzanias maritime and underwater cultural heritage assets. The third asiapacific conference on underwater cultural heritage will be held in hong kong at the hong kong maritime museum from 27 november to 2 december 2 017 excursions 12 december. Along with their underwater environment, they form an underwater cultural landscape.
Heritage victorias historical archaeology team can be contacted at. Not all legacies of past generations are heritage, rather heritage is a product of selection by society. Underwater remains of human activity are called underwater cultural heritage. Maarleveld and others published underwater cultural heritage and international efforts to protect it,notably through unesco. It includes what used to be called the australian national shipwreck database. Section on international law and practice, american bar association the exploration of underwater archaeological sites including shipwrecks and other evidence of human existence presents a variety of fascinating and complicated legal.
Underwater heritage maritime and underwater cultural. The convention is intended to protect all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been under water. Pdf underwater cultural heritage and international efforts to. It represents an invaluable source of information on ancient civilizations and offers an opportunity to further develop diving activities, museums and tourism. It is an international treaty on principles, standards and guidelines for protecting underwater. Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage, in. The current situation of maritime cultural property under the interna tional law of the sea 1. Underwater cultural heritage, for example, underwater buildings or sunken ships.
Revisiting the relationship between marine scientific. The convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage was adopted by unesco in 2001. Guidelines for conducting historical archaeological surveys. The idea of cultural heritage as an international public good can be traced back to the preamble to the 1954 hague convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, according to which damage to cultural property belonging to any people whatsoever means damage to the cultural heritage of all mankind, since each people. The protection and management of underwater cultural heritage uch is a challenging topic, as it involves the interplay of united states u. This includes three million shipwrecks such as titanic, belitung and the 4,000 shipwrecks of the sunken fleet of kublai khan. Strategies towards sustainable conservation and management ichumbaki, e. Archaeology division of library and information services. Underwater cultural heritage is enormously rich and has immense potential. Southeast asia ministries of culture met to discuss the safeguarding and reviving the shared maritime and underwater cultural heritage of southeast asia. One of the commonly agreed upon principles concerning the preservation of underwater cultural heritage, as set out in the 2001 unesco convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage, is that preservation in situ should be the first option preamble, article 2. Pdf underwater cultural heritage survey in lagos bay. Underwater cultural heritage encompasses all traces of human existence that lie or have lain underwater and have a cultural or historical character. Protection of the underwater cultural heritage yorke, robert joint nautical archaeology policy committee, united kingdom 12.
Rather, it is the first and, perhaps, the most technically desirable option, when archaeological, legal, and political circumstancesin that orderso advise. States parties of the unesco 2001 convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. The unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage, adopted in 2001, is intended to enable states to better protect their submerged cultural heritage. On november 2, 2001, the unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage was adopted by the plenary session of the general conference. Presenting european community culture 2000 programme monitoring, safeguarding and visualizing northeuropean shipwreck sites moss. The problems of unprotected archaeological and historic sites, wrecks and objects found at sea. Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage, adopted. Since the 1960s, unesco has been actively cooperating with governments, national authorities, ngos, scientists and police forces to improve the protection of the underwater cuand is a central ltural heritage player in this discipline. Author links open overlay panel gillian hutchinson curator of archaeology. Heritage underwater cultural heritage regulations exposure draft 5 14 activities prohibited within protected zonesuse of equipment, instruments or tools adapted for the purposes of cultivating, mining, quarrying, dredging or excavating land a person must not, except in accordance with a permit granted under section 77 or 78 of the act. Eu project to preserve underwater cultural heritage. It shall enter into force for any other state three months after the deposit by that state of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or. Heritage in the era of blue growth and the role of.
Commentary, unesco doc clt99ws8 drafted april 1999 97 commentary. Underwater cultural heritage sustainable development. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Manual for activities directed at underwater cultural heritage. Underwater cultural heritage united nations educational. Australasian underwater cultural heritage database wikipedia. The convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is a treaty that was adopted on 2 november 2001 by the general conference of the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization unesco. This shared history left various signatures which are needed by present and future generations for their cultural, scientific and. Kluwer law international will be publishing the yearbook from the eighth volume onwards and will also manage the distribution of the previous seven volumes. The unesco convention on underwater cultural heritage and the. The concept of heritage evokes images of monuments, historic buildings and other cultural property on terrestrial sites.
Stakes and challenges for underwater cultural heritage in the era. In situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage. The situation of the cultural heritage has deteriorated during recent years as a result. Natural sites may belong to cultural heritage as cultural identity is strongly related to the natural environment in which it develops. Underwater heritage is generally assumed to be included with similar landbased sites. Research underwater cultural heritage asia pacific. Article 4 states that any activity relating to underwater cultural heritage should not be subject to the law of salvage or law of finds, unless authorised by the competent authorities. The underwater cultural heritage of the federated states. Internationally, the united states strongly supported the convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage which would be developed under the auspices of unesco convention and would, inter alia.
In situ preservation is not necessarily the best underwater archaeological solution, nor is it legally required in all circumstances. In the first edition, essays explored a wide variety of. On top of that, ther e is the search for documented wrecks and document ed episodes in national history. The unesco conventionon underwater cultural heritage and. They provide international standards that describe cultural objects and have been. Cultural heritage includes tangible culture such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts, intangible culture. Underwater cultural heritage unesco digital library.
The environmental and cultural heritage of wetlands. B1 abstract tanzania has a long and unique maritime history. The third part of this issue explores how underwater cultural heritage is rolling back. The commercial exploitation of underwater cultural heritage for trade or speculation or its irretrievable dispersal is fundamentally incompatible with the protection and proper management of underwater cultural heritage. Underwater cultural heritage is thus an important proof for the seriousness of climate change. It is only within the past decade that there has been recognition of how important the missing data on the submerged shelf is. Pdf sustainable management of underwater cultural heritage. The theoretical framework of the underwater cultural heritage management p. Advertisement for consultancy unesco is calling for consultancy related to the underwater cultural heritage uch protection and management in the five countries in micronesia and to provide recommendations for strategic actions towards ratification of unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage 2001 convention.
Public and private in the international protection of. The palestine yearbook of international law is a wellestablished yearbook, which was previously published by the alshaybani society of international law. Dromgooles first edition of this book, legal protection of the underwater cultural heritage. The protection of underwater cultural heritage program report of the rapporteur spring meeting 2003, washington d. In situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage as an. Pdf underwater cultural heritage law study ole varmer. Information brochure on the 2001 convention pdf frequently asked questions pdf learn about the convention. Revisiting the relationship between marine scientific research and the underwater cultural heritage in the international journal of marine and coastal law eissn. Today underwater cultural heritage is however endangered and still insufficiently protected, known and researched.
Saving underwater cultural heritage in asia and pacific. Florida master site file information for users pdf. There are also sunken ruins and cities, like the remains of the pharos. Similarly, states may make use of international databases and resort to registration documents like the international identification document and export certificates on the underwater cultural heritage. Pdf fatal events taking place in world war ww i and ii have left behind important historical evidence as an underwater cultural heritage. United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization.
Underwater cultural heritage in finland museovirasto. States parties of the unesco 2001 convention on the. Shipwrecks and other underwater cultural remains are facing the increasing risk of serious damage or destruction through the. Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that is inherited from past generations. Kluwer, 1999, provided a muchneeded look at how various nations were coming to grips with the problem through domestic legislation. Niue ratifies unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. Conservation and management of archaeological sites, vol. Cover the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. Often, the protection of cultural heritage and underwater nature go hand in hand, with each promoting the other.
International committee on the underwater cultural. In recent years, it has attracted increasing attention from the scientific community and the general public. Euunesco information meeting on underwater cultural. Pdf underwater cultural heritage and international. The australasian underwater cultural heritage database auchd is an online, searchable database containing data on shipwrecks, aircraft that have been submerged underwater or wrecked on the shore, and other artefacts of cultural significance which are or have been underwater. Chapter 14 the dilemma of the right to ownership of. Complications and effectiveness ofin situpreservation methods for underwater cultural heritage sites. Published on behalf of the research laboratory for archaeology and the history of art, university of oxford.
The conference has grown significantly since 2011 when 128 delegates from 35 nations attended in manila and in 2014 when 180 delegates attended representing 40 nations. The unesco conventionon underwater cultural heritage and the international law of the sea markus rau i. This programme funds for the first time a project on underwater cultural heritage. Refers to those practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills as well 1. Practices, representations, expressions, knowledge. Pdf underwater cultural heritage survey in lagos bay tiago fraga academia.
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